Platform-driven AI trade models and regional cooperation opportunities in central Asia: a China–Azerbaijan perspective

Abstract

This study examines how platform-driven artificial intelligence (AI) trade models are transforming regional economic cooperation between China and Central Asia, focusing on Azerbaijan. Using a triadic framework of data, algorithm, and institutional flows, it conceptualizes AI platforms as coordination systems linking technology, governance, and trade. Comparative analysis of China–Azerbaijan projects shows that AI platforms improve efficiency, transparency, and institutional alignment but face barriers in data governance and cybersecurity. The paper argues that sustainable digital regionalism requires balanced progress in infrastructure, algorithmic interoperability, and policy harmonization, and proposes measures such as joint AI innovation hubs, shared data frameworks, and broader SME participation to enhance China–Central Asia digital connectivity